Statistical‐based approach for driving style recognition using Bayesian probability with kernel density estimation

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/166283/1/itr2bf00581.pd

Composite Disturbance Filtering: A Novel State Estimation Scheme for Systems With Multi-Source, Heterogeneous, and Isomeric Disturbances

State estimation has long been a fundamental problem in signal processing and control areas. The main challenge is to design filters with ability to reject or attenuate various disturbances. With the arrival of big data era, the disturbances of complicated systems are physically multi-source, mathematically heterogenous, affecting the system dynamics via isomeric (additive, multiplicative and recessive) channels, and deeply coupled with each other. In traditional filtering schemes, the multi-source heterogenous disturbances are usually simplified as a lumped one so that the "single" disturbance can be either rejected or attenuated. Since the pioneering work in 2012, a novel state estimation methodology called {\it composite disturbance filtering} (CDF) has been proposed, which deals with the multi-source, heterogenous, and isomeric disturbances based on their specific characteristics. With the CDF, enhanced anti-disturbance capability can be achieved via refined quantification, effective separation, and simultaneous rejection and attenuation of the disturbances. In this paper, an overview of the CDF scheme is provided, which includes the basic principle, general design procedure, application scenarios (e.g. alignment, localization and navigation), and future research directions. In summary, it is expected that the CDF offers an effective tool for state estimation, especially in the presence of multi-source heterogeneous disturbances

EGTA, a calcium chelator, affects cell cycle and increases DNA methylation in root tips of Triticum aestivum L.

In this study, when germinated Triticum aestivum L. seeds were treated with 0, 2, 4 and 6 mM ethyl glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA), root growth was suppressed and the mitotic index decreased. These inhibitory effects were positively correlated with EGTA concentration. RT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of several gene markers related to the G1/S transition of the cell cycle were significantly downregulated. Confocal microscopy of Fluo-3/AM-stained roots showed chelation of nearly all of the Ca2+ within the root meristematic regions. Both random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and coupled restriction enzyme digestion-random amplification (CRED-RA) techniques showed significant increases in the levels of genomic DNA polymorphisms and degree of DNA methylation. The study provides information concerning the impact of Ca2+ chelator, EGTA, on the growth, expression of cell cycle transition marker genes, and changes in DNA structure and methylation in the wheat roots